The New Frontier and the Great Society Reading Activity
From the list of headings, choose the near appropriate for paragraph.
i The accepted view of the future
ii The pros and cons of fluctuating birth rates
iii Falling birth rates: main facts and figures
iv Measures to reduce population growth
v Population likely to grow indefinitely
half-dozen A conscious decision to take fewer children
vii Experts challenge existing beliefs
8 Need to maintain ratio of workers to pensioners
ix Unintentional and engineered causes of falling nativity charge per unit
ten Medical quantum in nativity control
The Other Population Crunch
Section A
It is an unquestioned principle that has dominated international thinking for decades: we live in an overcrowded world teeming with billions of humans who are destined to suffocate our cities and clasp our planet of its precious resources. Our species is inexorably wrecking Earth: flooding valleys, cutting downwardly forests and destroying the habitats of animals and plants faster thanscientists can classify them. Our future is destined to be nasty, brutish, and cramped.
Section B
Or is it? At present, it seems, population analysts have suddenly started to question the 'cocky-evident' truth that we are destined eventually to drown under our ain weight. While accepting that populations will keep to ascension, they indicate out that this ascension will not exist nearly every bit steep or as long-lasting as was once feared. They fifty-fifty claim they can envisage the day when world population numbers will peak and begin to pass up.
Section C
As show, statisticians point to a simple, stark fact: people are having fewer and fewer children. In the 1970s, global fertility rates stood at about vi children per woman. Today the average is 2.9 and falling. Such a rate will still see the earth'due south population increase to nine billion by 2050, a ascent of fifty per cent on today'due south figure. That is not practiced news for the planet, but it is far less alarming than the projections of fifteen billion that were once existence made. More than to the point, statisticians predict that after 2050 the number of humans volition become down. Such trends raise two key questions. Why has the rise in world populations started to die out so dramatically? And what volition be the consequences of this decline?
Department D
Answers to the first question depend largely on locality. In Europe, for example, couples will accept only i or two children when they might have had three or iv in the by. At that place are various reasons for this. Women at present have their ain career options, and are no longer considered failures if they exercise non marry and produce children in their twenties or thirties. This has taken a substantial number out of the puddle of potential mothers. In addition, parents take aspirations for their offspring, choices not available to past generations just which price money, for example, highereducation and travel. These and other pressures accept reduced the average nascency rate in European countries to ane.4 per couple. Given that a country needs a birth rate of ii.i to maintain its numbers. Information technology is clear to see that in the long term there will be fewer Europeans.
Department E
The causes of declining numbers in other countries are more varied and more than alarming. Russian federation's population is dropping by almost 750,000 people a year. The causes are alcoholism, breakdown of the public health service, and industrial pollution that has had a disastrous effect onmen'southward fertility. In China, the country enforces quotas of offspring numbers, and it is expected that its population will peak at 1.5 billion by 2019 and then go into steep refuse. Some analysts propose the land could lose twenty to thirty per cent of its population every generation. There is besides the exodus from the countryside, a trek happening across the globe. Shortly half the world's population will have urban homes. But in cities, children become a cost rather than an asset for helping to piece of work the land, and again pressures mount for people to cut the size of their families.
Department F
The impact of all this is harder to guess. In Europe, demographers forecast a major drop in the numbers who will piece of work and earn coin, while the population of older people —who need support and help —volition soar. And so, the urging by a British politician that information technology is the patriotic duty of women to have children makes sense. At that place will be no workforce if people do not take children. At present the median age of people is twenty-six; within a hundred years, if electric current trends continue, that will take doubled.More and more erstwhile people will have to be supported past fewer and fewer young people! In China, the problem is worse. Most young Chinese adults have no brothers or sisters and face the prospect of having to care for two parents and iv grandparents on their own. Pensions and incomes are merely not able to rise fast enough to deal with the crisis.
Section Thousand
There are people who cling to the promise that it is possible to have a vibrant economic system without a growing population, but mainstream economists are pessimistic. On the other hand, it is articulate that reduced human numbers can only be good for the planet in the long term. Until we halt, the spread of our own species, the destruction of the last great wildernesses, such as the Amazon, volition continue. Just subsequently the concluding Ice Historic period, in that location were only a few hundred thousand humans on Earth. Since then the population has grown ten thousand fold. Such a growth rate and our imperfect attempts to control information technology are spring to lead usa into an uncertain futurity.
Source: https://englobex.ru/blog/ielts-reading-matching-headings-population-society-family/
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